Matsumoto Castle, also known as “Crow Castle” (Karasu-jō) due to its distinctive black exterior, is one of Japan’s most famous and well-preserved feudal castles. Located in Nagano Prefecture, this National Treasure stands as a striking contrast to the more commonly white-walled Japanese castles. With its dark wooden façade, multi-tiered keep, and deep historical significance, Matsumoto Castle remains a must-visit destination for history and architecture enthusiasts.
The History of Matsumoto Castle
From Fortress to Feudal Stronghold
The origins of Matsumoto Castle trace back to 1504, when the Ogasawara clan built a fort called Fukashi Castle. During the turbulent Sengoku period (1467–1615), warlords fought for control of Japan, and Matsumoto became a strategically vital location.
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1582: The Takeda clan’s influence ended, and the castle was taken over by the Oda and then the Tokugawa shogunate.
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1590–1594: Under the rule of Ishikawa Kazumasa and Yasunaga, the current structure, including the main keep (tenshu), was constructed.
Edo Period and Beyond
Matsumoto Castle remained an important feudal center during the Edo period. Unlike many Japanese castles, it never served as a battlefield, allowing it to retain its original design. However, during the Meiji Restoration (1868–1912), Japan’s modernization efforts led to the demolition of many castles. Thanks to local citizens who rallied to save it, Matsumoto Castle was preserved and later restored.
Modern Recognition and Restoration
Designated a National Treasure in 1936, Matsumoto Castle underwent major restorations to maintain its structural integrity. Today, it stands as one of Japan’s finest hirajiro (flatland castles), built on a plain rather than a hilltop, making it unique among Japan’s historic fortresses.
Architectural Features: A Unique and Striking Design
Why is Matsumoto Castle Black?
The castle’s dark wooden panels and lacquered black exterior give it an intimidating, warrior-like appearance. The black color was likely chosen for its defensive advantage—to blend into the night and intimidate enemies.
Key Features of Matsumoto Castle:
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Six-Story Main Keep: Although it appears to have five levels from the outside, the hidden sixth floor was used for military strategy and defense.
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Original Wooden Interiors: Unlike reconstructed castles made of concrete, Matsumoto Castle retains its authentic wooden beams, narrow staircases, and defensive windows for archers.
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Surrounding Moat: The large moat adds another layer of protection and offers stunning reflections of the castle, especially in autumn and winter.
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Moon-Viewing Pavilion: Unlike most castles built solely for war, Matsumoto features a Tsukimi-yagura (moon-viewing tower), showcasing the peaceful side of samurai culture.
Matsumoto Castle Today: A Cultural and Tourist Landmark
Matsumoto Castle is one of the most visited castles in Japan, drawing thousands of visitors each year. It hosts historical reenactments, samurai performances, and seasonal festivals that celebrate its legacy.
Best Times to Visit:
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Spring (April): The castle’s black walls contrast beautifully with cherry blossoms.
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Winter (December–February): Snow-covered scenery enhances its dramatic appearance.
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Autumn (October–November): Vibrant red and gold foliage surrounds the castle.
Conclusion
Matsumoto Castle is a testament to Japan’s rich feudal history, offering visitors a glimpse into samurai-era architecture and strategy. With its striking black exterior, authentic wooden interior, and breathtaking surroundings, it remains one of the most unique and historically significant castles in Japan. Whether you are a history lover, architecture enthusiast, or photographer, Matsumoto Castle is an unforgettable destination.
